药用植物灯盏花种子储存条件及萌发特性研究

该文以云南春季野外采收灯盏花种子为材料,研究了不同储存湿度、储存温度、储存时间及不同光照、温度、吸胀条件等对其萌发率的影响。结果表明:(1)降低储存湿度(15%RH)和储存温度(-20、4℃)有利于种子保存,种子寿命可延长2 a多,萌发率在80%以上;高温(35、45℃)和高湿(60%RH)加快了种子衰老,不利于保存,种子为短命种子。(2)光照与否对种子萌发率无显著影响,为光中性种子,但光照有利于种子萌发后幼苗的形成。(3) 25℃为该种子萌发的最适宜温度,萌发率可达84.37%。(4)生产上播种时,尽量避免低温(4℃)和高温(30、35℃),有利于提高出苗率。(5)该种子对吸胀冷害不敏感,为抗冷型种子。因此,在种子研究和药材生产上,成熟种子采收后应及时干燥并密封存于低温下,来年春季及早播种;在育苗生产上,应提供适宜的光照条件,设置单独的恒温(25℃)育苗间,并避免低温季播种。通过研究灯盏花种子的适宜储存条件和萌发特性,为该珍稀药用物种的合理储存和高产栽培提供有效指导。     

同源四倍体灯盏花离体再生及其倍性鉴定

以四倍体灯盏花的无菌苗叶柄为外植体进行离体培养,研究其再生体系,并对再生植株进行染色体倍性鉴定。结果表明:叶柄外植体在MS+0.05 mg·L-1NAA+0.5 mg·L-16-BA+0.65%琼脂+3%蔗糖的培养基上不定芽的再生频率可达87.3%;继代培养(MS+0.1 mg·L-1NAA+0.3 mg·L-16-BA+0.65%琼脂+3%蔗糖)增殖系数为7.8,诱导(1/2MS+1.0 mg·L-1NAA+1.0 mg·L-1IBA+0.65%琼脂+3%蔗糖)生根率100%,移栽成活率为90%。细胞学鉴定结果表明,再生植株的染色体数为2n=4x=36,而原二倍体的染色体数目为2n=2x=18,基数x=9,因此,再生植株为四倍体。     

土壤类型对短葶飞蓬灯盏乙素和咖啡酸酯积累的影响

在相同栽培管理条件下,分别以黑色石灰土、红色石灰土、红壤、黄红壤、紫色土和腐殖土为生长介质对短葶飞蓬（Erigeron breviscapus）进行了人工栽培试验。结果显示,生长在不同土壤类型的短葶飞蓬植株体内总咖啡酸酯和灯盏乙素含量有显著的差异。红色石灰土、紫色土及黄红壤生长的植株总咖啡酸酯和灯盏乙素含量最高,黑色石灰土和腐殖土的最低。相同土类的不同亚类土壤生长植株间2种次生代谢产物含量的差异程度,会超过不同土类间的。植株总咖啡酸酯和灯盏乙素含量与土壤P和K含量没有显著相关关系,但与土壤速效N含量及植株含N量则都有极显著负相关关系。不同土壤生长植株叶片的最大光能转换效率（Fv／Fm）值与灯盏乙素和总咖啡酸酯含量都表现出极显著负相关关系。土壤类型对短葶飞蓬次生代谢影响规律与碳素／营养平衡假说（CNB）及资源获得假说（HA）的预测一致。     

小飞蓬提取物除草活性的生物测定

以高粱(Sorghum vulgarePers.)、黄瓜(Cucum is sativusL.)、小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)和油菜(BrassicacampestrisL.)为供试对象,用种子萌发法测定了小飞蓬(Erigeron canadensisL.)全株的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和乙醇等3种溶剂提取物的除草活性。小飞蓬的乙酸乙酯与乙醇提取物对4种供试作物均显示出很强的抑制生长作用,浓度达100 mg.mL-1时对小麦和油菜幼苗生长的抑制率均为100%。小飞蓬乙酸乙酯提取物对高粱和油菜的幼根及黄瓜和油菜幼茎的生长有明显的抑制作用。低浓度乙醇提取物对小麦和高粱幼根及幼茎的生长有较强抑制作用,但高浓度时则对黄瓜和油菜的抑制作用较强;6.25 mg.mL-1乙醇提取物对黄瓜、油菜、小麦和高粱幼茎生长的抑制率分别为6.50%、8.58%、21.51%和26.98%;25 mg.mL-1乙醇提取物的抑制率则分别达到61.31%、77.45%、39.78%和46.34%。表明小飞蓬乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取物具有潜在的除草活性。     

短葶飞蓬云南三个种群的核型与等位酶分析

通过核型和等位酶分析,对短葶飞蓬（Erigeron breviscapus)种群遗传结构进行了较全面的研究。研究材料来自丽江,昆明,邱北,核型分析表明,这3个种群都为二倍体种群（2n=2x=18),以丽江种群为例,短葶飞蓬核型为2n=2x=18=6m 10sm(2SAT) 2st,10种酶的等位酶分析表明,短葶飞蓬的遗传变异存在于种群内,种群间遗传一致度高（I=0.9172),遗传距离小（D=0.0876),遗传距离与空间距离大致成正相关。     

药用植物灯盏花的研究进展

对药用植物灯盏花的特征特性、化学成分、药理作用及栽培技术,以及灯盏花的研究进展进行了综述,为进一步研究该植物提供参考．     

灯盏细辛口服液对急性冠状动脉综合征患者外周血C-反应蛋白、MCP-1 和MMP-9 水平的影响

目的:探讨灯盏细辛口服液对急性冠状动脉综合征患者外周血C-反应蛋白、1-甲基环丙烯和9-基质金属蛋白酶水平的影响。方法:选取我院心内科已确诊为急性冠状动脉综合征的患者110例,随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组行常规药物治疗,实验组在对照组的基础上口服灯盏细辛口服液。比较两组患者治疗前后外周血C-反应蛋白变化情况及MCP-1及MMP-9水平及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后MCP-1、MMP-9及C-反应蛋白水平降低(P0.05),与对照组相比,实验组患者MCP-1、MMP-9及C-反应蛋白较低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:灯盏细辛口服液对急性冠状动脉综合征患者具有较好的疗效,这可能与其降低外周血中C-反应蛋白、MMP-9和MCP-1水平具有一定的关系。     

Evaluation of three herbaceous index plant species for bioavailability of soil cadmium, chromium, nickel and vanadium

Uncultivated plants growing on disturbed sites may be useful for assessing the bioavailability of some metals in soils, and thus the potential for metal mobilization up the terrestrial food chain, an important element in ecological risk assessment. A planted chicory cultivar (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi.) and the uncultivated plants horseweed (Canada fleabane) (Erigeron canadensis L.) and dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small) were evaluated for their ability to act as index plant species for soil Cd, Cr, Ni, and V at two field sites where these metals had been applied five yr previously to two highly weathered sandy Ultisols. Soil Cd was available to all analyzed plant tissues of all three plant species at both sites, particularly on the sandier Blanton soil. Chicory was an effective index plant for Cd on the finer textured Orangeburg soil but functioned as an indicator plant (toxicity symptoms were observed) on the sandier Blanton soil. Horseweed and dogfennel were effective index plants for Cd in both contaminated soils. Soil Cr, Ni, and V were less bioavailable than soil Cd and plant metal uptake was more sensitive to residual soil Cr, Ni, and V than was soil extraction with double acid. Horseweed and chicory may have potential as index plants for soil Cr. Chicory may have potential as a Ni index plant. Chicory and dogfennel may have potential as V index plants.     

LIFE-CYCLE COMPONENTS OF SELECTION IN ERIGERON ANNUUS: II. GENETIC VARIATION

Genetic variation for seedling and adult fitness components was measured under natural conditions to determine the relative importance of the seedling stage for lifetime fitness in Erigeron annuus. Variation in lifetime reproductive success can result from both the persistent effects of genetic variation expressed among seedlings and from variation in adult fitness components. Analysis of covariance was used to separate the stage specific from the cumulative effects of genetic variance expressed earlier in the life cycle. E. annuus produces seeds through apomixis, which allowed measurement of the fitness of replicate genotypes from germination through the entire life cycle. There were significant differences among genotypes for date of emergence, seedling size, survivorship and fecundity, but heritabilities were low, indicating slow response to selection. For all characters, environmental components of variance were one to two orders of magnitude larger than genetic variance components, resulting in broad sense heritabilities less than 0.1. For seedling size and fecundity, all of the genetic variance was in the form of genotype-environment interactions, often with large negative genetic correlations across environments. In contrast, genotypes differed in mean survivorship through one year, but there were no genotype-environment interactions for viability. Genetic differences in viability were primarily expressed as differences in overwinter survivorship. Genotype × environment interactions among sites and blocks were generated early in the life cycle while the genotype × environment interactions in response to competitive environment (open, annual cover, perennial cover) first appeared in adult fecundity. Genetic variation in lifetime fitness was not significant, despite a fourfold difference in mean fitness among genotypes.     

灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌筛选及产黄酮能力的初步研究

通过黄酮类物质特异颜色反应和可见分光光度法,筛选产黄酮的灯盏花内生放线菌,研究灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌在PDA、高氏1号和淀粉3种培养基上的产黄酮能力。结果表明:59株灯盏花内生放线菌中,8株菌的镁粉+浓盐酸、氯化铝、浓氨水3种颜色反应均成阳性,能够产生黄酮。形态学观察初步鉴定这8株菌均为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。3种培养基中,在PDA培养基上灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌的菌丝体生物量、黄酮含量和产量较高。8株灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌中,菌株RA′1-7生长较好,菌株ELA′3-2和RA2-1菌丝体黄酮含量较高,菌株ELA′3-2菌丝体黄酮产量较高。